The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was founded in 1569. It succeeded the Duchy of Florence. The grand duchy was initially ruled by the House of Medici, until their extinction in 1737. The grand duchy passed to the House of Lorraine, and then, to its cadet branch, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. The House of Habsburg Lorraine ruled Tuscany from 1765–1801, and then 1814–1859. A reigning grand duchess[1] was styled:
- (1569–1691) Her Highness The Grand Duchess of Tuscany
- (1691–1737)[2] Her Royal Highness The Most Serene Grand Duchess of Tuscany
- (1737–1765) Her Imperial Majesty Holy Roman Empress, the Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, the Archduchess of Austria, the Most Serene Grand Duchess of Tuscany, etc.[3]
- (1765–1804) Her Royal Highness The Most Serene Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Archduchess of Austria, etc.
- (1804–1859) Her Imperial and Royal Highness The Most Serene Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Archduchess of Austria, etc.
Margravine of Tuscany
- Interregnum 1011–1014
- Interregnum 1115–1120
- Interregnum 1127–1135
- Interregnum 1173–1195
De facto consort of Florence
Duchess of Florence
Grand Duchess of Tuscany
The Medici became extinct in 1737. Francis Stpehen, Duke of Lorraine acceded the grand-ducal throne.
The House of Habsburg-Lorraine was deposed by the Treaty of Aranjuez in 1801. The House of Bourbon-Parma ruled over Tuscany in the form of the Kingdom of Etruria until their own deposition by forces of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807.
Elisa Bonaparte become Duchess of her ancestral homeland in 1809 by appointment from her own second older brother and King of Italy, Napoleon himself.
Queen of Etruria
Grand Duchess of Tuscany
The Habsburgs were restored by the Congress of Vienna in 1814.
Tuscany was annexed to the United Provinces of Central Italy in 1859, and then absorbed into the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1860.
See also
- List of rulers of Tuscany
- List of consorts of Urbino
- List of Parmese consorts
- List of Savoyard consorts
- List of consorts of Montferrat
- List of Sardinian consorts
- List of Sicilian consorts
- List of Neapolitan consorts
- List of consorts of the Two Sicilies
- List of Italian consorts
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany
- Grand Princesses of Tuscany